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Toward sustainable intensification of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa

Andreas BUERKERT, Eva SCHLECHT

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 401-405 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020341

摘要:

Across the African continent efforts to intensify agriculture have been limited to specific commodities, locations or particular production schemes. The causes for the widespread failure to overcome low land and labor productivity while maintaining ecosystem services have often be analyzed but remain poorly understood. A social-ecological system approach may help to better understand the complex nature of ecological disadvantages, postcolonial structures, limited connect between producers and consumer markets, low off-farm livelihood opportunities, partial underpopulation and lacking experience with the concept of sustainable production as a major impediment for sustainable intensification of the agricultural sector. Nevertheless, recent success stories in agro-pastoral systems as well as urban vegetable and animal production and associated value chains in West Africa, and in intensive mixed-cropping systems of the Great Lakes Region show the potential of stakeholder-driven agricultural intensification. Proper interpretation of these cases may provide lessons for a more widespread eco-intensification of smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词: colonial heritage     land use     marketing     property rights     subsistence agriculture     urbanization     value chains    

Balancing resilience and efficiency in supply chains: Roles of disruptive technologies under Industry

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 171-176 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0247-8

摘要: In the Industry 4.0 era, disruptive technologies such as big data analytics, blockchain, Internet-of-Things, and additive manufacturing have become major forces driving supply chain transformation. Under such circumstances, particular attention should be attached to balancing resilience and efficiency of the supply chain, especially in the presence of more turbulence. In this study, we first summarize the conflicts between supply chain efficiency and supply chain resilience regarding practices and objectives. Then, we discuss the positive effects of disruptive technologies in improving resilience and efficiency. Afterwards, we propose a research agenda that covers both the influence mechanism and trade-off mechanism of these technologies in terms of resilience and efficiency.

关键词: disruptive technologies     supply chain     resilience     efficiency     paradox     balance    

Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 392-408 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0212-6

摘要: The diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), is critical to the transportation sector’s deep decarbonization. The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs. Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs, little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential. Thus, relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs. This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various (competing or coordinated) energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission, hydrogen production and transportation, power-to-liquid fuel, and fuel transportation. The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect. Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs, FCVs, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) are approximately 3.60, 4.31, and 2.21 yuan/GJ, respectively, and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50, 6.15, and 7.51 yuan/GJ, respectively. These costs primarily include raw material costs, and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs. In consideration of the technological learning effect, the energy chains’ well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected to decrease by 24.82% for BEVs, 27.12% for FCVs, and 19.25% for ICEVs by 2060. This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.

关键词: energy chain     new energy vehicle     internal combustion engine vehicle     life cycle cost     technological learning    

Improving the resilience of maritime supply chains: The integration of ports and inland transporters

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 51-66 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0231-3

摘要: The adverse impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 has reduced ports’ operational efficiency. In addition, ports and inland logistics providers are generally independent of each other and difficult to work together, which leads to time loss. Thus, as the core player, ports can integrate with inland logistics providers to improve the efficiency and resilience of maritime supply chains. This study examines the strategic options of two competing maritime supply chains consisting of ports and inland logistics providers. We investigate the impact of cooperation between ports and inland logistics providers and government regulation on the maritime supply chain by comparing members’ optimal pricing and overall social welfare under centralized, decentralized, and hybrid scenarios. Results indicate that the hybrid scenario is an equilibrium strategy for maritime supply chain, although this strategy is not optimal for governments seeking to improve supply chain resilience and maximize social welfare. Furthermore, observations show that through government economic intervention, both seaborne supplies can be incentivized to adopt an integrated strategy, and business and society can achieve a win–win situation.

关键词: resilience     Hotelling model     social welfare     maritime supply chain     game theory    

Resilience strategies for sustainable supply chains under budget constraints in the post COVID-19 era

《工程管理前沿(英文)》   页码 143-157 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0236-y

摘要: The COVID-19 outbreak has caused uncertainty risk surges, increased sustainable supply chain vulnerabilities, and challenges to sustainable supply chain resilience (SSCR) management. Therefore, improving SSCR is necessary to alleviate vulnerabilities, and SSCR management must generate large capital investments. However, the economic downturn brought about by the COVID-19 epidemic has made some companies have limited budgets that can be used to improve SSCR. Therefore, the design of resilience solutions needs to fully consider the constraints of budgetary costs. Most of the existing related literature only discusses optimal resilience solutions under certain cost constraints, so such resilience solutions cannot be applied to most enterprises. In this study, we set the cost constraint as a variable quantity, using resilience efficiency and customer satisfaction as indicators, to determine the changing laws of optimal resilience strategies when cost constraints change. These rules can be applied to enterprises with different budgeted costs. Our findings suggest that companies should prioritize sacrificing resilience measures (RMs) related to adaptive capacity when budget costs gradually decline, and RMs related to absorptive capacity are indispensable at all budget levels. Furthermore, the pursuit of environmental and social sustainability cannot be abandoned, no matter how limited the flexible budget may be.

关键词: sustainable supply chain     customer requirement     resilience efficiency     customer satisfaction     budget constraint    

Preparing construction supply chains for blockchain technology: An investigation of its potential and

Algan TEZEL, Eleni PAPADONIKOLAKI, Ibrahim YITMEN, Per HILLETOFTH

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 547-563 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0110-8

摘要: Blockchain, a peer-to-peer, controlled, distributed database structure, has the potential to profoundly affect current business transactions in the construction industry through smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, and reliable asset tracking. The construction industry is often criticized for being slow in embracing emerging technologies and not effectively diffusing them through its supply chains. Often, the extensive fragmentation, traditional procurement structures, destructive competition, lack of collaboration and transparency, low-profit margins, and human resources are shown as the main culprits for this. As blockchain technology makes its presence felt strongly in many other industries like finance and banking, this study investigates the preparation of construction supply chains for blockchain technology through an explorative analysis. Empirical data for the study were collected through semi-structured interviews with 17 subject experts. Alongside presenting a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT), the study exhibits the requirements for and steps toward a construction supply structure facilitated by blockchain technology.

关键词: blockchain     smart contract     supply chain management     project management     construction    

Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions: critical review and prospects

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1624-1

摘要:

● Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic structural transitions.

关键词: Environmental pressures     Environmental impacts     Nexus     Supply chains     Trade     Coupled systems    

Value Engineering/Value Management Model and Application of Aerospace Projects

Wan-hua Qiu,Han-peng Zhang,Ze-Shui Xu,De-Sheng Wu

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 373-377 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015056

摘要: This paper presents a new space model developed by general value engineering/value management model. The authors take the function analysis, function optimization and function realization of the development object as the basic point, to get the final optimization structure by value evaluation, so as to improve the project quality and reduce the project cost. The final case shows that the application of this model can save about 18% of the time and considerable cost of the usually planned projects under the condition of quality assurance.

关键词: aerospace project     value engineering     value optimization     value stream     design structure matrix    

Higher heating value prediction of torrefaction char produced from non-woody biomass

Nitipong SOPONPONGPIPAT,Dussadeeporn SITTIKUL,Unchana SAE-UENG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 461-471 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0377-3

摘要: The higher heating value of five types of non-woody biomass and their torrefaction char was predicted and compared with the experimental data obtained in this paper. The correlation proposed in this paper and the ones suggested by previous researches were used for prediction. For prediction using proximate analysis data, the mass fraction of fixed carbon and volatile matter had a strong effect on the higher heating value prediction of torrefaction char of non-woody biomass. The high ash fraction found in torrefied char resulted in a decrease in prediction accuracy. However, the prediction could be improved by taking into account the effect of ash fraction. The correlation developed in this paper gave a better prediction than the ones suggested by previous researches, and had an absolute average error (AAE) of 2.74% and an absolute bias error (ABE) of 0.52%. For prediction using elemental analysis data, the mass fraction of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen had a strong effect on the higher heating value, while no relationship between the higher heating value and mass fractions of nitrogen and sulfur was discovered. The best correlation gave an AAE of 2.28% and an ABE of 1.36%.

关键词: higher heating value     correlation     biomass     proximate analysis     ultimate analysis    

Value and governance of high-speed railway

Xiaoyan LIN, Zehua ZHANG, Meng WANG

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 463-482 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017054

摘要: This paper considers multiple perspectives to explore the concept of high-speed railway (HSR), rationally abstract its value formation mechanism, and quantitatively measure its actual performance. This paper analyzes the governance potential of major countries in the high-speed railway value chain and studies the feasible ways and development strategies to enhance the high-speed railway governance in China. Findings of this paper are as follows. First, the government, as the early manager of high-speed railway governance, has given way to Siemens and other integrated enterprises. Second, the high-speed railway standard output has become the core competitiveness that embodies high-speed railway. Third, the global high-speed railway market presents a hierarchical high-speed railway governance model and changes to a modular approach to governance.

关键词: high-speed railway value     communication value     high-speed railway value governance     governance path upgrade    

The value of epigenetic markers in esophageal cancer

Xiao-Mei ZHANG, Ming-Zhou GUO,

《医学前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 378-384 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0230-3

摘要: Developing esophageal cancer is a multi-step process that begins with the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, and leads to the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). In addition to genetic alteration, epigenetic modifications, and in particular DNA methylation, are recognized as a common molecular alteration in human tumors. In esophageal cancer, aberrant methylation of promoter regions occurs not only in advanced cancer, but also in premalignant lesions. DNA methylation is related to survival time and sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy. This review is mainly focused on epigenetic changes in esophageal cancer and the value of early detection for patient prognosis, treatment choices, and potential targeting therapy.

关键词: epigenetics     DNA methylation     esophageal cancer     dysplasia    

On the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 1-23 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0790-0

摘要: This review of the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete is based on three representative examples. The first one is concerned with the analysis of experimental data, taken from four high-dynamic tests. The structural nature of the high-dynamic strength increase can be explained by using a multi-scale model. It accounts for the microstructure of the specimens. The second example refers to multi-scale thermoelastic analysis of concrete pavements, subjected to solar heating. A sensitivity analysis with respect to the internal relative humidity (RH) of concrete has underlined the great importance of the RH for an assessment of the risk of microcracking of concrete. The third example deals with multi-scale structural analysis of a real-scale test of a segmental tunnel ring. It has turned out that multi-scale modeling of concrete enables more reliable predictions of crack opening displacements in tunnel segments than macroscopic models taken from codes of practice. Overall, it is concluded that multi-scale models have indeed a significant added value. However, its degree varies with these examples. In any case, it can be assessed by means of a comparison of the results from three sources, namely, multi-scale structural analysis, conventional structural analysis, and experiments.

关键词: experiments     multi-scale analysis     conventional structural analysis     concrete     reinforced concrete    

Observer design for induction motor: an approach based on the mean value theorem

Mohamed Yacine HAMMOUDI,Abdelkarim ALLAG,Mohamed BECHERIF,Mohamed BENBOUZID,Hamza ALLOUI

《能源前沿(英文)》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 426-433 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0314-x

摘要: In this paper, observer design for an induction motor has been investigated. The peculiarity of this paper is the synthesis of a mono-Luenberger observer for highly coupled system. To transform the nonlinear error dynamics for the induction motor into the linear parametric varying (LPV) system, the differential mean value theorem combined with the sector nonlinearity transformation has been used. Stability conditions based on the Lyapunov function lead to solvability of a set of linear matrix inequalities. The proposed observer guarantees the global exponential convergence to zero of the estimation error. Finally, the simulation results are given to show the performance of the observer design.

关键词: observer design     differential mean value theorem (DMVT)     sector nonlinearity transformation     linear matrix inequalities (LMI)     induction motor    

The Building of Papermaking Enterprise’s Recycling Economy Evaluation Index System Based on Value Flow

Zhi-fang Zhou,Jing Ou,Sha-sha Wang,Xiao-hong Chen

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 9-17 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016009

摘要: At present, the research on circular economy has made a lot of substantive results both at home and abroad. But for the papermaking enterprise, which is the representative of the light industry, few studies have analyzed the evaluation index system of circular economy. Since the current material flow analyses have limitations that the researchers cannot calculate materials with different units. The authors take advantage of the intrinsic correlation between the basic principle of value flow analysis and circular economy, and then analyze the dynamic changes of material flow and value flow through enterprises internal production process. Considering the resource output, the authors set up the layered structure of the evaluation index system, and then preliminarily determine the index form. Next, the authors use the frequency statistics analysis method to adjust indicators, forming a preliminary index system. After that, the principal component analysis and independent analysis are applied for screening. Finally, the authors build a circular economy evaluation index system for papermaking enterprise to provide scientific guidance for the process of circular economy.

关键词: circular economy     the papermaking enterprise     material flow analysis     value flow analysis     evaluation index system    

Does oil price affect the value of firms? Evidence from Tunisian listed firms

Kaouther ZAABOUTI,Ezzeddine BEN MOHAMED,Abdelfettah BOURI

《能源前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 1-13 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0396-8

摘要: A new debate on the potential impact of oil price changes on the value of firms was initiated in this paper. Using a stochastic frontier approach, an attempt was made to derive the optimal value * of firms and calculate the value observed. Then the shortfall ( *– ) which represents the inefficiency term was explained. Starting from 19 industrial Tunisian firms listed on the Tunis Stock Exchange between 2007 and 2011, the fact that variation of oil prices can largely explain distortions in the value of firms was empirically demonstrated.

关键词: industrial Tunisian firms     oil price     value of firm     stochastic frontier approach    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Toward sustainable intensification of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa

Andreas BUERKERT, Eva SCHLECHT

期刊论文

Balancing resilience and efficiency in supply chains: Roles of disruptive technologies under Industry

期刊论文

Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

期刊论文

Improving the resilience of maritime supply chains: The integration of ports and inland transporters

期刊论文

Resilience strategies for sustainable supply chains under budget constraints in the post COVID-19 era

期刊论文

Preparing construction supply chains for blockchain technology: An investigation of its potential and

Algan TEZEL, Eleni PAPADONIKOLAKI, Ibrahim YITMEN, Per HILLETOFTH

期刊论文

Reducing environmental impacts through socioeconomic transitions: critical review and prospects

期刊论文

Value Engineering/Value Management Model and Application of Aerospace Projects

Wan-hua Qiu,Han-peng Zhang,Ze-Shui Xu,De-Sheng Wu

期刊论文

Higher heating value prediction of torrefaction char produced from non-woody biomass

Nitipong SOPONPONGPIPAT,Dussadeeporn SITTIKUL,Unchana SAE-UENG

期刊论文

Value and governance of high-speed railway

Xiaoyan LIN, Zehua ZHANG, Meng WANG

期刊论文

The value of epigenetic markers in esophageal cancer

Xiao-Mei ZHANG, Ming-Zhou GUO,

期刊论文

On the added value of multi-scale modeling of concrete

期刊论文

Observer design for induction motor: an approach based on the mean value theorem

Mohamed Yacine HAMMOUDI,Abdelkarim ALLAG,Mohamed BECHERIF,Mohamed BENBOUZID,Hamza ALLOUI

期刊论文

The Building of Papermaking Enterprise’s Recycling Economy Evaluation Index System Based on Value Flow

Zhi-fang Zhou,Jing Ou,Sha-sha Wang,Xiao-hong Chen

期刊论文

Does oil price affect the value of firms? Evidence from Tunisian listed firms

Kaouther ZAABOUTI,Ezzeddine BEN MOHAMED,Abdelfettah BOURI

期刊论文